Convertible optical and pressure wave ablation system and method

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for providing laser energy through a catheter towards a second end portion of the catheter. Based on a characteristic of the laser energy multiple types of ablation therapy may be implemented. A first ablation therapy is directed at the target site when the laser energy at the second end portion of the laser energy delivery system has a first characteristic. A second ablation therapy is directed at the target site when the laser energy at the second end portion of the laser energy delivery system has a second characteristic. The first ablation therapy may be an optical ablation therapy wherein the laser energy is directed at the target site as optical energy and the second ablation therapy may be a pressure wave ablation therapy wherein pressure waves are directed at the target site as pressure wave energy.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/735,946, filed Jun. 10, 2015, entitled CONVERTIBLE OPTICAL ANDPRESSURE WAVE ABLATION SYSTEM AND METHOD, which claims the benefit ofand priority to, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 62/010,577, filed Jun. 11, 2014, entitled CONVERTIBLE OPTICALAND PRESSURE WAVE ABLATION SYSTEM AND METHOD, which are herebyincorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates generally to a method and system fordelivering energy capable of ablating tissue to a target site, and morespecifically to a method and system for providing multiple types ofablation energy to a target site.

BACKGROUND

Human blood vessels often become occluded or blocked by plaque, thrombi,other deposits, or emboli which reduce the blood carrying capacity ofthe vessel. If the blockage occurs at a critical place in thecirculatory system, serious and permanent injury can occur. Medicalintervention, such as an angioplasty, is usually performed whensignificant occlusion is detected. For example, laser-based catheterdevices are often used to ablate the occlusions in the vessels.

Treatment of vascular lesions is made difficult by lesion morphologythat can contain a variety of plaque types ranging from soft to bonehard. Different atherectomy tools have been developed to deal withdifferent types of plaque. Performance with one plaque type is typicallysacrificed for improved capability with another plaque type.

SUMMARY

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, anablation system for ablating a target site is provided. The ablationsystem comprising a laser source operative to provide laser energy and alaser energy delivery device operatively coupled to the laser source ona first end portion. The laser energy delivery device being operative totransport the laser energy produced by the laser source from the firstend portion towards a second end portion. The laser energy deliverydevice directing a first ablation therapy at the target site when thelaser energy at the second end portion of the laser energy deliverydevice has a first characteristic and directing a second ablationtherapy at the target site when the laser energy at the second endportion of the laser energy delivery device has a second characteristic.In an example thereof, the first ablation therapy is an optical ablationtherapy wherein the laser energy is directed at the target site asoptical energy. In another example thereof, the second ablation therapyis a pressure wave ablation therapy wherein pressure waves are directedat the target site as pressure wave energy. In yet another examplethereof, the first ablation therapy is an optical ablation therapywherein the laser energy is directed at the target site as opticalenergy and the second ablation therapy is a pressure wave ablationtherapy wherein pressure waves are directed at the target site aspressure wave energy. In a variation thereof, the first characteristicis a first polarization state and the second characteristic is a secondpolarization state. In still another example thereof, the firstcharacteristic is a first polarization state and the secondcharacteristic is a second polarization state. In a variation thereof,the ablation system further comprises a polarization module supported byone of the laser source and the laser energy delivery device. Thepolarization module controlling a polarization state of the laser energydelivered to the second end portion of the laser energy delivery device.In a refinement thereof, the polarization module has a first settingwherein the polarization state of the laser energy delivered to thesecond end portion of the laser energy delivery device is the firstpolarization state and a second setting wherein the polarization stateof the laser energy delivered to the second end portion of the laserenergy delivery device is the second polarization state. In a furtherrefinement thereof, the polarization module has a third setting whereinthe polarization state of the laser energy delivered to the second endportion of the laser energy delivery device is a third polarizationstate. In still a further refinement thereof, when the polarizationstate of the laser energy delivered to the second end portion of thelaser energy delivery device is the third polarization state the laserenergy delivery device directs the first ablation therapy at the targetsite as optical energy and directs the second ablation therapy at thetarget site as pressure wave energy. In still a further refinementthereof, the first ablation therapy is an optical ablation therapywherein the laser energy is directed at the target site as opticalenergy and the second ablation therapy is a pressure wave ablationtherapy wherein pressure waves are directed at the target site aspressure wave energy. In another variation, the first ablation therapyis an optical ablation therapy wherein the laser energy is directed atthe target site as optical energy and the second ablation therapy is apressure wave ablation therapy wherein pressure waves are directed atthe target site as pressure wave energy.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a catheterassembly for an ablation system is provided. The catheter systemreceiving laser energy from a laser source. The catheter assemblycomprising at least one transport member having a first end and a secondend; a coupler positioned proximate the first end of the at least onetransport member, the coupler adapted to couple laser energy from thelaser source into the at least one transport member; and at least onetransducer coupled proximate the second end of the at least onetransport member. The at least one transducer passes the laser energyout of the catheter assembly as optical energy when the laser energy hasa first characteristic and converts the laser energy to pressure waveenergy when the laser energy has a second characteristic. In an examplethereof, the first characteristic is a first polarization state and thesecond characteristic is a second polarization state. In a variationthereof, the at least one transducer absorbs laser energy with thesecond polarization state. In another variation thereof, when the firstcharacteristic is a third polarization state, a first component of thelaser energy is passed out of the catheter assembly as optical energyand a second component of the laser energy is converted to pressure waveenergy. In another example, the at least one transducer has a face fromwhich the pressure wave energy emanates. In a variation thereof, theface has a continuous profile. In a refinement thereof, the face has aconcave profile. In another variation thereof, the face has a convexprofile. In still another variation thereof, the face has a linearprofile. In still another example, the face has a stepped profile. In avariation thereof, the face has a continuous profile. In a refinementthereof, the face has a concave profile. In another variation thereof,the face has a convex profile. In still another variation thereof, theface has a linear profile. In yet another variation thereof, the steppedprofile is created by a first transport member having a second endsurface which is recessed relative to a second end surface of a secondtransport member.

In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a tissueablation method is provided. The tissue ablation method comprisingsending laser energy through a laser energy delivery device towards asecond end portion of the laser energy delivery device; directing afirst ablation therapy at the target site when the laser energy at thesecond end portion of the laser energy delivery device has a firstcharacteristic; and directing a second ablation therapy at the targetsite when the laser energy at the second end portion of the laser energydelivery device has a second characteristic.

According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, anon-transitory computer-readable medium contains instructions that, whenexecuted, cause one or more processors to perform a method that includessending laser energy through a laser energy delivery device towards asecond end portion of the laser energy delivery device; directing afirst ablation therapy at the target site when the laser energy at thesecond end portion of the laser energy delivery device has a firstcharacteristic; and directing a second ablation therapy at the targetsite when the laser energy at the second end portion of the laser energydelivery device has a second characteristic.

In still another exemplary embodiment, a tissue ablation method for anablation system capable of administering a plurality of types ofablation therapy is provided. The method comprising receiving a requestfor a first type of ablation therapy of the plurality of types ofablation therapy; and altering a polarization state of optical energyproduced by a laser source to provide the energy for the first type ofablation therapy, the plurality of ablation therapies including at leastone optical energy therapy and at least one pressure wave energytherapy. In one example, the first type of ablation therapy is apressure wave energy therapy. In another example, the first type ofablation therapy is an optical energy therapy.

According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, anon-transitory computer-readable medium contains instructions that, whenexecuted, cause one or more processors to perform a method that includesreceiving a request for a first type of ablation therapy of theplurality of types of ablation therapy; and altering a polarizationstate of optical energy produced by a laser source to provide the energyfor the first type of ablation therapy, the plurality of ablationtherapies including at least one optical energy therapy and at least onepressure wave energy therapy. In one example, the first type of ablationtherapy is a pressure wave energy therapy. In another example, the firsttype of ablation therapy is an optical energy therapy.

The preceding is a simplified summary of the disclosure to provide anunderstanding of some aspects of the disclosure. This summary is neitheran extensive nor exhaustive overview of the disclosure and its variousaspects, embodiments, and configurations. It is intended neither toidentify key or critical elements of the disclosure nor to delineate thescope of the disclosure but to present selected concepts of thedisclosure in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detaileddescription presented below. As will be appreciated, other aspects,embodiments, and configurations of the disclosure are possibleutilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features setforth above or described in detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and form a part of thespecification to illustrate several examples of the present disclosure.These drawings, together with the description, explain the principles ofthe disclosure. The drawings simply illustrate preferred and alternativeexamples of how the disclosure may be made and used and are not to beconstrued as limiting the disclosure to only the illustrated anddescribed examples. Further features and advantages will become apparentfrom the following, more detailed, description of the various aspects,embodiments, and configurations of the disclosure, as illustrated by thedrawings referenced below.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary ablation system;

FIG. 2 illustrates a laser controller of the ablation system of FIG. 1including output logic and polarization logic;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary catheter of the ablation system of FIG.1 including a distal transducer;

FIG. 4 illustrates the output of the exemplary catheter of FIG. 3 inresponse to receiving laser energy having a first polarization state;

FIG. 5 illustrates the output of the exemplary catheter of FIG. 3 inresponse to receiving laser energy having a second polarization state;

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary catheter construction including aplurality of transport members which surround a central lumen for aguide wire, the plurality of transport members providing a concave face;

FIG. 7 illustrates another exemplary catheter construction having ahemispherical face with an acute angle;

FIG. 8 illustrates another exemplary catheter construction having ahemispherical face with a reduced angle;

FIG. 9 illustrates the catheter construction of FIG. 6 wherein theplurality of transport members provide a linear face;

FIG. 10 illustrates the catheter construction of FIG. 6 wherein theplurality of transport members are offset axially to provide a steppedconcave face, each of the transport members having a flat face;

FIG. 11 illustrates the catheter construction of FIG. 6 wherein theplurality of transport members are offset axially to provide a steppedconvex face, each of the transport members having a flat face;

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary processing sequence of the lasercontroller; and

FIG. 13 illustrates another exemplary processing sequence of the lasercontroller.

It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale.In certain instances, details that are not necessary for anunderstanding of the disclosure or that render other details difficultto perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course,that the disclosure is not necessarily limited to the particularembodiments illustrated herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before any embodiments of the disclosure are explained in detail, it isto be understood that the disclosure is not limited in its applicationto the details of construction and the arrangement of components setforth in the following description or illustrated in the followingdrawings. The disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of beingpracticed or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to beunderstood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for thepurpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The useof “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof hereinis meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalentsthereof as well as additional items.

The phrases “at least one”, “one or more”, and “and/or” are open-endedexpressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. Forexample, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C”, “at leastone of A, B, or C”, “one or more of A, B, and C”, “one or more of A, B,or C” and “A, B, and/or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and Btogether, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B and C together.When each one of A, B, and C in the above expressions refers to anelement, such as X, Y, and Z, or class of elements, such as X1-Xn,Y1-Ym, and Z1-Zo, the phrase is intended to refer to a single elementselected from X, Y, and Z, a combination of elements selected from thesame class (e.g., X1 and X2) as well as a combination of elementsselected from two or more classes (e.g., Y1 and Zo).

The term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity. Assuch, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” may beused interchangeably herein. It is also to be noted that the terms“comprising”, “including”, and “having” may be used interchangeably.

A “catheter” is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct,lumen, or vessel, such as the vasculature system. In most uses, acatheter is a relatively thin, flexible tube (“soft” catheter), thoughin some uses, it may be a larger, solid-less flexible—but possibly stillflexible—catheter (“hard” catheter). A “laser catheter” is a catheterthat includes optical fibers capable of transmitting laser light.

A “coupler” or “fiber optic coupler” refers to the optical fiber devicewith one or more input fibers and one or several output fibers. Fibercouplers are commonly special optical fiber devices with one or moreinput fibers for distributing optical signals into two or more outputfibers. Optical energy is passively split into multiple output signals(fibers), each containing light with properties identical to theoriginal except for reduced amplitude. Fiber couplers have input andoutput configurations defined as M×N. M is the number of input ports(one or more). N is the number of output ports and is always equal to orgreater than M. Fibers can be thermally tapered and fused so that theircores come into intimate contact. This can also be done withpolarization-maintaining fibers, leading to polarization-maintainingcouplers (PM couplers) or splitters. Some couplers use side-polishedfibers, providing access to the fiber core. Couplers can also be madefrom bulk optics, for example in the form of microlenses and beamsplitters, which can be coupled to fibers (“fiber pig-tailed”).

The term “logic” or “control logic” as used herein may include softwareand/or firmware executing on one or more programmable processors,application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmablegate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), hardwired logic,or combinations thereof. Therefore, in accordance with the embodiments,various logic may be implemented in any appropriate fashion and wouldremain in accordance with the embodiments herein disclosed.

The term “computer-readable medium” as used herein refers to any storageand/or transmission medium that participate in providing instructions toa processor for execution. Such a medium is commonly tangible andnon-transient and can take many forms, including but not limited to,non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media and includeswithout limitation random access memory (“RAM”), read only memory(“ROM”), and the like. Non-volatile media includes, for example, NVRAM,or magnetic or optical disks. Volatile media includes dynamic memory,such as main memory. Common forms of computer-readable media include,for example, a floppy disk (including without limitation a Bernoullicartridge, ZIP drive, and JAZ drive), a flexible disk, hard disk,magnetic tape or cassettes, or any other magnetic medium,magneto-optical medium, a digital video disk (such as CD-ROM), any otheroptical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium withpatterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, a solidstate medium like a memory card, any other memory chip or cartridge, acarrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which acomputer can read. A digital file attachment to e-mail or otherself-contained information archive or set of archives is considered adistribution medium equivalent to a tangible storage medium. When thecomputer-readable media is configured as a database, it is to beunderstood that the database may be any type of database, such asrelational, hierarchical, object-oriented, and/or the like. Accordingly,the disclosure is considered to include a tangible storage medium ordistribution medium and prior art-recognized equivalents and successormedia, in which the software implementations of the present disclosureare stored. Computer-readable storage medium commonly excludes transientstorage media, particularly electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic,optical, magneto-optical signals.

A “laser emitter” as used herein refers to an end portion of a fiber oran optical component that emits laser light from a distal end of thecatheter towards a desired target, which is typically tissue.

An optical fiber (or laser active fibre) as used herein refers to aflexible, transparent fiber made of an optically transmissive material,such as glass (silica) or plastic, which functions as a waveguide, or“light pipe”, to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber.

A “polarization-maintaining” or a “polarization-preserving” opticalfiber as used herein refers to an optical fiber in which polarizedlight, such as polarized laser light, maintains polarization duringtransmission through the optical fiber and exits the optical fiber inthe same polarization state.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary ablation system 100. Ablation system 100includes a laser apparatus 130 coupled to a laser controller 180.Controller 180 includes one or more computing devices programmed tocontrol laser 130, as described herein with reference to FIGS. 12 and13. Controller 180 may be internal or external to laser apparatus 130.Laser apparatus 130 may include an excimer laser or another suitablelaser. In some embodiments, laser 130 produces light in the ultravioletfrequency range. In one embodiment, laser 130 produces optical energy inpulses.

Laser 130 is connected with the proximal end of a laser energy deliverysystem 120, illustratively a laser catheter 170 via coupler 140. Lasercatheter 170 includes one or more transport members which receive laserenergy from laser 130 and transports the received laser energy from afirst, proximal end 124 of laser energy catheter 170 towards a second,distal end 126 of laser catheter 170. The distal end of catheter 170 maybe inserted into a vessel or tissue of a human body 110. In someembodiments, system 100 employs a plurality of light guides as thetransport members, such as optical fibers, that guide laser light fromlaser 130 through catheter 170 toward a target area in human body 110.In some embodiments, optical fibers may be polarization-maintaining orpolarization-preserving optical fibers.

Exemplary laser catheter devices or assemblies may include lasercatheters and/or laser sheaths. Examples of laser catheters or lasersheath are sold by the Spectranetics Corporation under the tradenamesELCA™ and Turbo Elite™ (each of which is used for coronary interventionor catheterization such as recanalizing occluded arteries, changinglesion morphology, and facilitating stent placement) and SLSII™ andGlideLight™ (which is used for surgically implanted lead removal). Theworking (distal) end of a laser catheter typically has a plurality oflaser emitters that emit energy and ablate the targeted tissue. Theopposite (proximal) end of a laser catheter typically has a fiber opticcoupler, which connects to a laser system or generator. One such exampleof a laser system is the CVX-300 Excimer Laser System, which is alsosold by the Spectranetics Corporation.

Referring to FIG. 2, laser controller 180 of FIG. 1 includes anon-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory 204) that includesinstructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors 200 tocontrol laser 130 and/or other components of ablation system 100.Controller 180 includes one or more input devices 206 to receive inputfrom an operator. Exemplary input devices include keys, buttons, touchscreens, dials, switches, mouse, and trackballs which providing usercontrol of laser 130. Controller 180 further includes one or more outputdevices 208 to provide feedback or information to an operator. Exemplaryoutput devices include a display, lights, audio devices which provideuser feedback or information.

A laser source 210 of laser 130 is operatively coupled to lasercontroller 180. Laser source 210 is operative to generate a laser signalor beam and provide the laser signal through a fiber optic bundle 214 ofcatheter 170 to the human. The laser energy passes through apolarization module 212 which polarizes the laser energy. Fiber opticbundle 214 serves as delivery devices for delivering the laser signal tothe target area of the human.

Polarization module 212 polarizes the laser energy. In one embodiment,polarization module 212 is a linear polarizer which in a firstorientation passes vertically polarized optical energy. If polarizationmodule 212 is rotated to a second orientation, then polarization module212 passes horizontally polarized optical energy. Polarization module212 may be rotated to a third position wherein polarization module 212passes linearly polarized optical energy having both a verticallypolarized component and a horizontally polarized component. In oneembodiment, polarization module 212 provides circularly polarized light.In one embodiment, polarization module 212 provides ellipticallypolarized light.

In one embodiment, polarization module 212 is a linear polarizer and ismanually actuatable by an operator to rotate polarization module 212 toa desired position. In another embodiment, polarization module 212 is alinear polarizer which is rotated under the control of laser controller180. Polarization module 212 may include a plurality of polarizers whichare individually moved in and out of the optical energy produced bylaser source 210 either manually or under the control of lasercontroller 180. In one embodiment, polarization module 212 is part oflaser apparatus 130 and is supported by laser apparatus 130. In oneembodiment, polarization module 212 is part of laser catheter 170 and issupported by laser catheter 170. In one embodiment, polarization module212 is part of coupler 140 and is supported by either laser apparatus130 or laser catheter 170.

In the illustrated embodiment, processors 200 of laser controller 180include polarization logic 220 which controls polarization module 212 toposition polarization module 212 in a desired orientation or otherwiseprovide a desired polarization to the optical energy produced by lasersource 210. Processors 200 also includes output logic 222 which controlslaser apparatus 130 to control at least one of a pulse rate, a powerlevel, and other characteristics of the optical energy output by lasersource 210.

Exemplary polarization modules 212 may include wire grid polarizers,crystalline polarizers, elongated silver nanoparticles, polarizing beamsplitters, Brewster angle plates, birefringent materials (includingplastic and crystalline), and liquid crystals. Wire grid polarizers aretypically manufactured through lithographic metal deposition on a glasssurface (such as the catheter tip). Crystalline polarizers are materialswhich include herapathite (polaroids are plastic sheets with embeddedherapathite crystals. In one embedment, polarization module 212 is partof laser source 210 which uses non-linear wavelength conversion crystals(which typically produce a polarized output).

Additional details of an exemplary laser apparatus 130 are described inU.S. Pat. No. 5,383,199, filed Jul. 2, 1992, entitled “Apparatus andMethod for Optically Controlling the Output Energy of a Pulsed LaserSource,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by referenceherein. Additional details of exemplary catheters 170 are described inU.S. Pat. No. 8,545,488, filed Dec. 30, 2009, entitled “CardiovascularImaging System,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated byreference herein.

Returning to FIG. 2, laser catheter 170 further includes a transducer230. Transducer 230 receives the optical energy that travels throughfiber optic bundle 214 and either passes the optical energy on to atarget site 232 as optical energy 234 or converts the optical energy topressure wave energy 236. Exemplary pressure wave energy includesultrasonic pulses. In one embodiment, transducer 230 is configured tofocus one or both of the optical energy 234 and pressure wave energy236.

In one embodiment, transducer 230 is a polarized absorbing materialcoupled to the end portion 126 of laser catheter 170. In one embodiment,transducer 230 is a polarized absorbing material coating applied to theend portion 126 of laser catheter 170. In one embodiment, transducer 230is a polarized absorbing material embedded within laser catheter 170.Exemplary polarized absorbing materials include wire grid polarizers,crystalline polarizers, and elongated silver nanoparticles. Wire gridpolarizers are typically manufactured through lithographic metaldeposition on a glass surface (such as the catheter tip). Crystallinepolarizers are materials which include herapathite (polaroids areplastic sheets with embedded herapathite crystals).

Referring to FIGS. 3-5, an exemplary laser catheter 300 is provided.Laser catheter 300 includes one or more transport members 302 whichtransport optical energy from a first end 304 of the transport member302 towards a second end 306 of the transport member 302. Coupled tosecond end 306 of laser catheter 300 is a polarized absorbing material310. Exemplary polarized absorbing material 310 are provided herein.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3-5, polarized absorbing material310 is a linear polarized material which absorbs horizontally polarizedoptical energy. As shown in FIG. 4, when the optical energy traveling inlaser catheter 300 is vertically polarized, polarized absorbing material310 does not absorb the optical energy, but rather passes the opticalenergy out of laser catheter 300 as optical energy. As shown in FIG. 5,when the optical energy traveling in laser catheter 300 is horizontallypolarized, polarized absorbing material 310 absorbs the optical energy.This absorption of the optical energy is changed into a pressure wave inthe environment surrounding polarized absorbing material 310 due to thechange in size of polarized absorbing material 310. In one embodiment,laser source 210 outputs a pulsed optical signal which results in aplurality of spaced apart pressure waves in the environment surroundingpolarized absorbing material 310.

In one embodiment, the polarization of the optical energy travelingthrough laser catheter 300 results in both optical energy being passedinto the environment surrounding polarized absorbing material 310 and ischanged into a pressure wave in the environment surrounding polarizedabsorbing material. Thus, multiple types of therapy may be providedsimultaneously.

In one embodiment, output logic 222 of laser controller 180 uses a firstpower level when optical energy is to be used as an ablation therapy anda second power level when pressure wave energy is to be used as anablation therapy, the second power level being different from the firstpower level. In one embodiment, output logic 222 of laser controller 180uses a first pulse rate when optical energy is to be used as an ablationtherapy and a second pulse rate when pressure wave energy is to be usedas an ablation therapy, the second pulse rate being different from thefirst pulse rate. In one embodiment, output logic 222 of lasercontroller 180 uses a first power level and a first pulse rate whenoptical energy is to be used as an ablation therapy and a second powerlevel and a second pulse rate when pressure wave energy is to be used asan ablation therapy, the second power level being different from thefirst power level and the second pulse rate being different from thefirst pulse rate. In one embodiment, output logic 222 of lasercontroller 180 uses the same power level when optical energy is to beused as an ablation therapy and when pressure wave energy is to be usedas an ablation therapy. In one embodiment, output logic 222 of lasercontroller 180 uses the same pulse rate when optical energy is to beused as an ablation therapy and when pressure wave energy is to be usedas an ablation therapy. In one embodiment, output logic 222 of lasercontroller 180 uses the same power level and the same pulse rate whenoptical energy is to be used as an ablation therapy and when pressurewave energy is to be used as an ablation therapy.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary laser catheter construction. A lasercatheter 350 as shown in FIG. 6 includes a central lumen 352 whichreceives a guide wire (not shown). The transport member of lasercatheter 350 is comprised of multiple transport members 354. In oneembodiment, multiple transport members 354 are annular rings. In oneembodiment, multiple transport members 354 are individual fiber optics.In one embodiment, a single transport member is provided. In theillustrative embodiment, the end face 360 of laser catheter 350 is aconcave face. The polarized absorbing material 310 is not illustrated inFIGS. 6-11. In one embodiment, the polarized absorbing material 310 is acoating applied to the end of each transport member 354.

FIG. 7 illustrates another exemplary laser catheter construction oflaser catheter 350 having a hemispherical face 360 with an acute angle.FIG. 8 illustrates another exemplary catheter construction of lasercatheter 350 having a hemispherical face 360 with a reduced angle. FIG.9 illustrates laser catheter 350 wherein the plurality of transportmembers provide a linear face 360. FIG. 10 illustrates laser catheter350 wherein the plurality of transport members are offset axially toprovide a stepped concave face, each of the transport members having aflat face. FIG. 11 illustrates laser catheter 350 wherein the pluralityof transport members are offset axially to provide a stepped convexface, each of the transport members having a flat face. In oneembodiment, laser catheter 350 permits the movement of transport members354 relative to each other. Thus, laser controller 180 may through aplurality of actuators move the individual transport members 354 todynamically alter the effective shape of face 360. The changing of theshape of face 360 would alter the focusing of the energy communicated tothe target site 232. Exemplary shapes of face 360 include continuousfaces, step-wise faces, a linear face, a concave face, a convex face, ahemispherical face, a parabolic face, and other suitable geometries. Inone embodiment, face 360 focuses the energy exiting laser catheter 350on a central longitudinal axis of laser catheter 350. In one embodiment,face 360 focuses the energy exiting laser catheter 350 offset from acentral longitudinal axis of laser catheter 350.

Referring to FIG. 12, an exemplary processing sequence 400 ofpolarization module 212 of laser controller 108 is shown. Ablationsystem 100 sends laser energy through a catheter towards a second endportion of the catheter, as represented by block 402. Ablation system100 directs a first ablation therapy at the target site when the laserenergy at the second end portion of the laser energy delivery system hasa first characteristic, as represented by block 404. Ablation system 100directs a second ablation therapy at the target site when the laserenergy at the second end portion of the laser energy delivery system hasa second characteristic, as represented by block 406.

Referring to FIG. 13, an exemplary processing sequence 450 ofpolarization module 212 of laser controller 108 is shown. Processingsequence 450 is for an ablation system capable of administering aplurality of types of ablation therapy, the plurality of ablationtherapies including at least one optical energy therapy and at least onepressure wave energy therapy. Ablation system 100 receives a request fora first type of ablation therapy of the plurality of types of ablationtherapy, as represented by block 452. In one embodiment the request isreceived through one of the input devices of the ablation system 100.Ablation system 100 alters a polarization state of optical energyproduced by a laser source to provide the energy for the first type ofablation therapy, as represented by block 454. In one embodiment, thefirst type of ablation therapy is a pressure wave energy therapy. In oneembodiment, the first type of ablation therapy is an optical energytherapy.

The foregoing discussion has been presented for purposes of illustrationand description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the disclosureto the form or forms disclosed herein. In the foregoing Summary forexample, various features of the disclosure are grouped together in oneor more aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations for the purpose ofstreamlining the disclosure. The features of the aspects, embodiments,and/or configurations of the disclosure may be combined in alternateaspects, embodiments, and/or configurations other than those discussedabove. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflectingan intention that the claims require more features than are expresslyrecited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect,inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoingdisclosed aspect, embodiment, and/or configuration. Thus, the followingclaims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with eachclaim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of thedisclosure.

Moreover, though the description has included description of one or moreaspects, embodiments, and/or configurations and certain variations andmodifications, other variations, combinations, and modifications arewithin the scope of the disclosure, e.g., as may be within the skill andknowledge of those in the art, after understanding the presentdisclosure. It is intended to obtain rights which include alternativeaspects, embodiments, and/or configurations to the extent permitted,including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures,functions, ranges or steps to those claimed, whether or not suchalternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions,ranges or steps are disclosed herein, and without intending to publiclydedicate any patentable subject matter.

What is claimed is:
 1. A catheter assembly for an ablation system, thecatheter system receiving laser energy from a laser source, the catheterassembly comprising: a first optical transport member having a firstproximal end and a first distal end surface the first optical transportmember being configured to transport the laser energy from the firstproximal end therethrough and to the first distal end surface; a secondoptical transport member disposed axially concentric relative to thefirst optical transport member, wherein second optical transport memberhas a second proximal end and a second distal end surface, the secondoptical transport member being configured to transport the laser energyfrom the second proximal end therethrough and to the second distal endsurface, and the second distal end surface and the first distal endsurface being unaligned; a coupler positioned proximate the firstproximal end of the first optical transport member and the secondproximal end of the second optical transport member, the coupler adaptedto couple the laser energy from the laser source into the first opticaltransport member and the second optical transport member; and at leastone transducer coupled to the first distal end surface of the firstoptical transport member and the second distal end surface of the secondoptical transport member, wherein the at least one transducer passes thelaser energy out of the catheter assembly as optical energy when thelaser energy has a first characteristic and converts the laser energy topressure wave energy when the laser energy has a second characteristic.2. The catheter assembly of claim 1, wherein the first distal endsurface of the first optical transport member is recessed relative tothe second distal end surface of the second optical transport member. 3.The catheter assembly of claim 1, wherein the first optical transportmember is an annular ring.
 4. The catheter assembly of claim 2, whereinthe annular ring is a first annular ring, and wherein the second opticaltransport member is a second annular ring.
 5. The catheter assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the second optical transport member is an annular ring.6. The catheter assembly of claim 1, wherein the first characteristiccomprises a first power level, the second characteristic comprises asecond power level, and the second power level is different than thefirst power level.
 7. The catheter assembly of claim 1, wherein thefirst characteristic comprises a first pulse rate, the secondcharacteristic comprises a second pulse rate, and the second pulse rateis different than the first pulse rate.
 8. The catheter assembly ofclaim 7, wherein the first characteristic further comprises a firstpower level, the second characteristic further comprises a second powerlevel, and the second power level is different than the first powerlevel.